Multinational Research Society Publisher

MRS Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies

Issue-1 (January), Volume-3 2026

1. Advances in DNA Phenotyping: From Molecular Markers to Predictive Fore...
4

Yasir Haider Al-Mawlah*
DNA Research Center, University of Babylon, Babylon city, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
1-7
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18136416

Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) represents a revolutionary advance in human identification, allowing the prediction of externally visible characteristics (EVCs) such as eye, hair, and skin color directly from genetic material. Unlike short tandem repeat (STR) profiling, which requires comparison to known DNA references, FDP enables phenotype inference when no match exists in DNA databases. This systematic review synthesizes developments from 2020–2025, focusing on molecular markers, genomic sequencing technologies, computational algorithms, and ethical frameworks. Following PRISMA guidelines, relevant peer-reviewed literature was screened across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 72 studies met inclusion criteria. The findings reveal rapid diversification from pigmentation-associated SNPs toward multi-omics approaches integrating genomic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic markers. Advances in machine learning—particularly deep neural networks and random forests—have enhanced prediction accuracy, especially when ancestry information is integrated. However, substantial variability remains in facial morphology prediction and population transferability. Ethical challenges persist regarding privacy, consent, and potential misuse of phenotypic data. The review concludes that FDP is transitioning from experimental to operational forensic science, yet its societal legitimacy will depend on transparent validation, equitable access, and regulatory oversight.

2. CRISPR and Beyond: Emerging Tools for Precision Genome Editing in Mole...
2

Yasir Haider Al-Mawlah*
DNA Research Center, University of Babylon, Babylon city, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
8-12
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18136457

Genome editing technologies, particularly CRISPR and its derivatives, have revolutionized molecular biology and medicine by enabling precise and efficient alterations to the genome. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of CRISPRCas systems and next-generation genome editing tools, focusing on their therapeutic potentials, challenges, and ethical considerations. Emerging technologies, such as base editing, prime editing, and RNA-targeted CRISPR systems, offer enhanced precision and expanded applications for genetic diseases, cancer therapies, and beyond. However, issues related to off-target effects, delivery mechanisms, and regulatory hurdles remain significant challenges. Ethical debates surrounding germline editing and equity in access to these therapies are also critical considerations that must be addressed. This review synthesizes current advances and explores future directions for genome editing technologies in precision medicine.

3. A Study of the Effectiveness of Skill-Based Assessment Techniques in H...
4

Dr. Jyoti M. Patil*
Academic Coordinator, Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Nashik
13-16
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18154543

Skill based testing has become one of the key elements in the modern higher education systems to overcome the gap between theory and practice. As the focus on employability, practical skills, and the growth of the holistic learner emerges, universities and colleges are moving away with more and more content-based examinations and in their place, they are implementing more skillbased evaluative practices. This research paper is an analytical and theoretical research on the usefulness of the skill-based assessment methods in higher education. It discusses the pedagogical justifications supporting the use of skill-based assessments, investigates how these assessments can support student engagement and authentic learning and also how these assessments can support the development of critical thinking, creativity, communication, and professional competencies. Based on the constructivist and experiential learning theories, the study identifies the processes by which skill-based assessment can support reflective, collaborative, and application-based learning processes. Other challenges that the article describes in terms of implementation include readiness of the faculty, infrastructure limitations, reliability of assessment and suitability of rubrics. The conclusion emphasizes that, though skill-based assessment has the power to transform higher education, it will only work well with institutional backing, teacher education and being relevant to academic and industry standards.

4. Policies, Strategies, and Pathways for Enhancing Women’s Representatio...
5

Candida Adebukola Esan , Limot...
Sustainable Development Centre University of Abuja
17-26
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18182460

Women’s representation in Nigeria’s federal legislature remains persistently low despite the existence of multiple gender equality policies, advocacy initiatives, and institutional commitments. This article assesses the effectiveness of existing policies and strategies to increase women’s political representation and explores pathways to enhance women’s inclusion in the National Assembly. The study adopts a mixed methods design, drawing on survey data from thirty-five National Assembly staff as well as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with institutional actors who routinely engage with legislative and committee processes. Quantitative analysis using Spearman correlation reveals that policy awareness and educational attainment are positively associated with perceptions of progress in women’s representation. In contrast, institutional barriers, such as weak enforcement and party-level gatekeeping, significantly undermine perceived policy effectiveness. Qualitative findings corroborate these results, showing that gender policies are widely regarded as well-intentioned but poorly implemented, with voluntary party commitments and unenforced quotas yielding limited outcomes. Mentorship, advocacy, and capacity-building initiatives were identified as more effective but remain fragmented and dependent on external support. Interpreted through Critical Mass and Critical Actors Theory, the findings highlight how low numerical representation and weak institutional frameworks constrain the emergence of actors capable of driving sustained change. The article concludes that enhancing women’s representation in Nigeria’s federal legislature requires enforceable policy frameworks, strengthened party accountability, institutionalised monitoring mechanisms, and sustained support for leadership development.

5. Exploring Gender-Based Differences between Early and Late Adolescents
1

Mr. V. G. Kamankar*
Assistant Professor, Head Dept of Psychology, MVP Samaj’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Ozar (Mig), Tal-Niphad, Nashik
27-30
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18218069

Adolescence is a critical developmental phase characterized by profound biological, psychological, emotional, and social transformations. These changes do not occur uniformly but are shaped by age, gender, and sociocultural contexts. The present research article explores gender-based differences between early and late adolescents, focusing on emotional regulation, cognitive development, academic motivation, self-concept, peer relationships, and risk-taking behaviors. Drawing on developmental psychology and gender studies, the study highlights how gender differences manifest differently across stages of adolescence rather than remaining static. The analysis demonstrates that early adolescence is marked by heightened emotional vulnerability, particularly among females, whereas late adolescence shows increased autonomy and risk-taking tendencies, especially among males. However, the findings also reveal narrowing gender gaps in several domains, suggesting evolving gender roles and social expectations. The article underscores the importance of stage-specific and gender-sensitive interventions in educational and mental health contexts and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of adolescent development.

6. Understanding the Barriers to Financial Literacy in Rural India
2

Dr. Yuvraj Pandharinath Jadhav...
Head, Department of Economics, MVP’s Arts, Science & Commerce College Ozar (Mig) -422206, Tal. Niphad, Dist. Nashik
31-33
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18218163

Financial literacy plays a crucial role in promoting economic stability, informed decision-making, and inclusive growth. In a developing economy like India, rural populations continue to face significant challenges in acquiring basic financial knowledge and skills. This study seeks to understand the key barriers to financial literacy in rural India by examining socio-economic, educational, institutional, and technological factors. Limited access to formal education, low income levels, digital illiteracy, inadequate banking infrastructure, and deep-rooted socio-cultural practices collectively hinder the effective dissemination of financial knowledge. Despite various government initiatives aimed at enhancing financial inclusion, gaps persist in awareness, accessibility, and utilization of financial services among rural households. The study highlights the role of language barriers, lack of trust in formal financial institutions, and dependence on informal credit systems in constraining financial literacy outcomes. By analyzing existing literature and policy frameworks, this paper underscores the need for context-specific financial education programs, community-based interventions, and the integration of digital tools tailored to rural realities. Strengthening financial literacy in rural India is essential not only for individual financial well-being but also for sustainable rural development and inclusive economic growth.

7. Digital Age Human Rights: Privacy, Surveillance, and Global Governance
1

Dr. Rachana Kumari*
Ph.D. (Amity Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies)
34-37
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18289239

The digital age has redefined the meaning, scope, and protection of human rights. With unprecedented technological advancements, digital infrastructures now shape social interactions, economic systems, political governance, and personal autonomy. While such developments have empowered individuals and enhanced global connectivity, they have also generated new vulnerabilities, particularly concerning privacy, surveillance, data security, and algorithmic biases. This research paper examines the evolving human rights landscape in the digital era, focusing on the central issues of privacy violations, mass surveillance, digital authoritarianism, and the challenges of global governance. It draws upon international human rights frameworks, privacy theories, and global regulatory debates to explore how states, corporations, and transnational institutions negotiate power in digital spaces. The paper analyzes the tensions between national security and civil liberties, public welfare and personal autonomy, technological innovation and ethical constraints. It also investigates emerging global governance mechanisms, including GDPR, UN resolutions, AI ethics guidelines, and multilateral cyber norms. The study concludes by arguing that safeguarding human rights in the digital age requires stronger global cooperation, transparent governance models, human-centric technological design, and legally binding international standards that balance innovation with fundamental freedoms.

8. Isolation and Identification of Fungi from Dried Fishes sold at Garind...
3

Sumayya Isma’il Tanko, Farida...
Department of Microbiology, Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology Wudil
38-42
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18299048

This study was aimed at isolating and identifying fungal contamination of dried fish sold at Garin dau Market, Wudil Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. A total of ten samples of dried fish were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological techniques to determine fungal load and species identification. The results revealed fungal counts ranging from 9.00x10³ to 2.90x10⁴ CFU/ml, significantly exceeding the safety threshold set by NAFDAC/WHO, which is 1.00x10² CFU/ml. Five fungal species were isolated from the samples, including Aspergillus niger (33.33%), Mucor spp. (29.63%), Aspergillus flavus (14.81%), Candida spp. (14.81%), and Penicillium spp. (7.41%). The presence of Aspergillus flavus, a known producer of aflatoxins, poses a serious public health concern due to its carcinogenic potential. These fungi such as Mucor and Candida species are also associated with infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. These findings highlight the need for improved preservation methods, including more effective drying techniques and proper storage practices, to reduce fungal contamination. These measures are vital for safeguarding public health and maintaining the economic value of dried fish in local markets.

9. Machine Learning-Driven Optimization and Security in IoT Ubiquitous Se...
0

Tammineni Anil Kumar*, Dr. R....
Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
43-54
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18437821

Internet of Things Ubiquitous Sensor Networks (IoT-USNs) represent a significant paradigm shift in technological infrastructure, enabling the development of intelligent applications across various sectors, including healthcare, smart urban settings, precision agriculture, and industrial automation. Notwithstanding their widespread implementation, IoT-USNs face enduring challenges that hinder their scalability, operational efficiency, and security. This systematic review investigates cutting-edge solutions through an exhaustive analysis of 19 peer-reviewed articles published from 2018 to 2024. The identified critical limitations encompass an increased vulnerability to cyber threats, severe constraints in energy and computational resources, and complexities associated with the management of real-time data via effective aggregation and routing mechanisms. The decentralized architecture exacerbates challenges pertaining to data integrity and security enforcement, rendering networks susceptible to various attack vectors. The analysis delineates three primary research trajectories: optimization techniques driven by machine learning that achieve energy efficiency improvements of up to 40%; trust management systems that enhance authentication protocols; and adaptive routing protocols that significantly mitigate congestion issues. This review provides a critical assessment of existing methodologies, identifies notable deficiencies in integrated security-energy optimization frameworks, and underscores the limited real-world implementation of crosslayer solutions. The contribution of this work lies in synthesizing contemporary research trajectories and proposing future research directions that emphasize integrative strategies incorporating advanced security mechanisms, energy-aware protocols, and intelligent data management frameworks to fully harness the potential of IoT-USNs.





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