Multinational Research Society Publisher

MRS Journal of Arts, Humanities and Literature

Issue-9(September), Volume-3 2026

1. A Longitudinal Study of Reflective Teaching Development in English Lan...
4

S. Sasi Bhushan*
Lecturer in English, Government Degree College for Men, Srikakulam
1-5
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22292870

This is a longitudinal study that examines the systematic development of reflective teaching (RT) practices of the English Language Teaching (ELT) professionals of North Coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh namely Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam. The research tries to quantify reflectivity as it exists without any interventions, and evaluate what changes, if any, the year-long action research intervention produces. Based on the theories of John Dewey (1933) and Donald Schön (1983), the research examined how much baseline reflectivity exists and how much change the year-long action research intervention brings about. The study adopted the mixed method of quantitative and qualitative, and quantitative methods were used were the English Language Teaching Reflection Inventory (ELTRI), and qualitative method were teaching journals, video-recorded self-analysis and peerobservation reports. In total, 67 ELT practitioners from technical institutions and secondary schools were involved in the study. Quantitative results showed that the teaching experience was negatively correlated with reflectivity, with a clear “mid-career dip” for teachers with between 11 and 15 years of experience, and then a positive correlation for teachers with 16 or more years of experience. The qualitative longitudinal intervention, which employed the Reflective Teaching Model (RTM) and "Loop Input" enabled a gradual transition from the "technical rationality" towards "critical reflection" by making it possible for teachers to base their pedagogical actions on applied linguistics theory, instead of "common-sense" beliefs. Most barriers identified to sustained practice were systemic (82% time constraints, 65% lack of formal training). The study concludes that reflective practice and support by institutionalizing multilingual UDL (Universal Design for Learning) is necessary to improve the self-efficacy of teachers and learning outcomes of students in the region.

2. Parents Contribution and Academic Performance in Bushenyi District in...
5

Byabashaija Deusdedit* & Tuhai...
Valley University of Science and Technology1, P.O.Box 44, Bushenyi, Uganda
6-9
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22293994

The systematic study valued the relationship between Parents Contribution and academic performance Performance in Bushenyi District in western Uganda. The research project used a cross-sectional and descriptive research design with quantitative paradigm. The academics employed simple random sampling and stratified random sampling techniques to select the respondents for the research project. A sample of 72 participants was selected from 157 target population using a table developed by Morgan & Krejcie (1970). Information was garnered while utilizing the questionnaires and analyzed by employing Descriptive statistics such as Bar graphs and inferential statistics such as Pearson linear correlation coefficient (PLCC) for quantitative data scrutiny. The study findings discovered that there was a significant correlation between Parents Contribution and academic Performance in Bushenyi District in Western Uganda . The study concluded that Parents have a strong influence on their children. They have a direct influence that is stronger than that of teachers, friends, and media. For this reason, a parent’s positive attitude and support towards their children’s education is key to the success of their children in secondary schools. From the study findings, the investigators recommended that the school administration should enhance communication with the parents by sending to the parents regular newsletters, scheduling regular parents-teachers meetings to discuss the children’s academic progress. This can go a long way in improving the standards of education in secondary schools.

3. INFRASTRUCTURE, PEDAGOGYAND POLICY: REVITALIZING TECHNICAL EDUCATION I...
207

Adebayo Taofeek Salami*
Science Department, Faculty of General Studies, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Nigeria
10-16
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22667876

The digital age necessitates Technical Education to turn out graduates with competencies for industry. This study assessed infrastructure, pedagogy and policy for revitalizing technical education in Ondo State. Five research questions guided the study. A descriptive survey design was adopted. The population of 144 instructors in the 5 State owned Government Technical Colleges in Ondo State was used. Data were collected with a 40-item questionnaire (QIPPRTE) with reliability coefficient of 0.72.Mean, standard deviation and frequency counts were used for analysis. Findings revealed that College management should ensure proper implementation and monitoring of digitalization policies. Government should encourage public-private partnership with industry to provide modern equipment. Major challenges are inadequate funding, poor power supply and lack of infrastructure. Key strategies are provision of funding, regular training and stable power. It was concluded that technical education in Ondo State is not ready for the digital age. It was recommended that College management should ensure proper implementation and monitoring of digitalization policies. Government should encourage public-private partnership with industry to provide modern equipment.

4. BRIDGING THE GAP: PRACTICAL SKILLS REQUIRED OF MOTOR VEHICLE TECHNOLOG...
64

Adebayo Taofeek Salami*
Science Department, Faculty of General Studies, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Nigeria
17-21
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22667971

The unemployment of motor vehicle technology graduates in Nigeria is chiefly accredited to skills divergence between what is taught in technical colleges and what is demanded by the automobile industry. This study assessed the practical skills required of motor vehicle technology graduates for employment in Ondo State. Three research questions steered the study. A descriptive survey design was adopted. The population comprised 85 motor vehicle technology instructors and 142 automobile industry employers in Ondo State. The entire population of 227 was used for the study. Data were collected using a 21-item questionnaire (PSRMVTG) with reliability coefficient of 0.70 using Cronbatch Alpha. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions. Findings revealed that engine mechanics skills are highly required and possessed by graduates of motor vehicle technology. Major skills required by employers include: trouble shooting with On Board Diagnostics, Version 2 (OBD-II) scanner, servicing of mechatronics systems and customer service/digital record keeping the result indicated a relative skill gap in modern diagnostic equipment which industries demanded currently. It was recommended that, Government and NBTE should equip technical colleges and workshops in Ondo State with modern OBD-II scanners, hybrid vehicle trainers and mechatronics kits. Retraining of instructors should be organized on ECU diagnostics, hybrid/electric vehicles and robotics to bridge the identified skill gaps.

5. The Role of Public Relations: A Study of Image Management of Candidate...
92

Dr. Heavens Ugochukwu Obasi* &...
Department of Mass Communication, National Institute for Nigerian Languages, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria
22-32
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22671631

This study examined the role of public relations in the image management of candidates during general elections in Nigeria. The study was motivated by the increasing use of public relations strategies, social media campaigns, political branding, and image-building techniques by political candidates seeking electoral support. Specifically, the study investigated the extent to which candidates' projected images align with their actual interactions with voters, the effectiveness of public relations strategies in influencing public perception, and the factors responsible for the image-reality gap often observed after elections. The study adopted a quantitative survey research design. A structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was used to collect data from a population of 300 respondents comprising voters, political party members, campaign officials, and members of the public. Data were analyzed using frequency tables, percentages, and mean scores. The findings revealed that public relations play a significant role in shaping the public image of political candidates during elections. The study found that many candidates project favorable personalities on social media that do not always correspond with their physical interactions at the grassroots level. The findings further showed that political public relations strategies are increasingly focused on digital campaigns and image projection, while communication and engagement often decline after electoral victory. Respondents also perceived unfulfilled campaign promises, black public relations, and excessive political branding as major contributors to public distrust and the image-reality gap in Nigerian politics. The study concluded that although public relations is essential for effective political communication and voter engagement, its credibility depends on consistency between campaign promises, projected images, and actual performance in office.

6. Regional Integration of higher Education in East Africa: A Review of P...
200

Emmanuel Niyibizi PhD & Emmanu...
Faculty of Education, Protestant University of Rwanda
33-44
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22669560

Research shows that regional integration in education enhances capacity of member states to cultivate and educate local workforce by harmonizing education policies. However, regional integration of education across the globe seemingly faces inherent and various challenges including reconciliation of a diversity of national systems, curriculum, and qualification frameworks. This study seeks to explore achievements, obstacles and key strategies to enhance educational regional integration within the East African Community (EAC). Only secondary qualitative data were utilized in this analysis. The data analysis process used thematic content analysis by coding extracts pertinent to the study's research questions. Data indicated that the integration of education within the East African Community (EAC) has led to several accomplishments, such as the establishment of Educational Centers like Centers of Excellence and Higher Education Integration, the mobility of students across member states, the acknowledgment of qualifications, and a harmonized curriculum. However, the data highlighted numerous challenges that hinder the complete regional harmonization of education. These challenges include limited political will, a lack of financial and human resources, instability in educational policies, inadequate implementation of free movement protocols. This study proposes that to enhance the harmonization of regional education, individual states should: bolster their political commitment to education, promote human and financial resources, and ensure dynamic but relative stability in educational policies. The study concludes that the regional integration of education in EAC has optimized regional education in EAC African Community even if there are still some horizons that needs further scientific, political and practical reflections.

7. Perceptions of “Untranslatable” Arabic Expressions among Bilingual Sau...
2

Hamide Aksoy*
Southeast Missouri State University -TESOL MA Graduate
45-49
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22806871

This qualitative study examines bilingual Saudi university students’ perceptions of “untranslatable” Arabic expressions and what these perceptions reveal about the relationship between language, culture, and worldview. To address limited research on how bilingual speakers understand untranslatability, eight Master’s students from King Saud University, Riyadh were interviewed about three to five Arabic expressions they considered difficult to translate into Standard English. Participants explained the reasons for their perceptions and discussed the cultural, emotional, and pragmatic meanings that may be lost in translation. Findings indicate that many Arabic expressions contain cultural, religious, emotional, and pragmatic meanings that cannot be fully reproduced in English. Examples included expressions related to communal solidarity (الفزعة), gratitude and blessing (يعطيك العافية), honor and dignity (مويه وجه), and culturally embedded social rituals (نعيمًا). Participants emphasized that perceived untranslatability primarily results from differences in cultural context, emotional nuance, metaphorical imagery, and religious meaning rather than vocabulary gaps alone. The findings suggest that Arabic expressions often function as cultural scripts reflecting values such as hospitality, respect, solidarity, and social reputation. Translating them into English may therefore simplify or reduce their cultural and emotional depth. The study highlights the importance of cultural awareness in translation and TESOL and supports more culturally responsive approaches to bilingual language teaching.

8. Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Digital Advertising Effective...
1

Dr. Heavens Ugochukwu Obasi*
Department of Mass Communication, National Institute for Nigerian Languages, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria
50-55
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22868253

This literature review analyzes the effectiveness of traditional versus digital advertising by examining studies published between 2020 and 2026. It consolidates findings on various factors including reach, attention, trustworthiness, engagement, purchase intent, sales, measurability, personalization, and cost-effectiveness. Recent evidence indicates that digital advertising excels in targeting, interactivity, personalization, real-time tracking, and conversion monitoring. Conversely, traditional advertising maintains advantages in credibility, contextual presence, extensive reach, and memory retention. However, findings also show that neither medium is consistently superior; effectiveness can differ based on audience traits, marketing goals, product types, message design, attention levels, and media contexts. Research involving print, television, paid search, display, and social media reveals that integrated campaigns can yield synergistic effects, enhancing overall performance. Therefore, the review suggests that advertising effectiveness should be assessed using metrics specific to objectives and audiences rather than through direct channel comparisons alone. Future studies should focus on cross-media experiments, long-term outcomes, attribution issues, and emerging digital technologies across various markets and contexts.

9. A Review of the Correlates of Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction...
1

Dr. Sarika Shivaji Kshirsagar*
Asst. Professor Department of Psychology, K.R.T. Arts, B. H. Commerce and A. M. Science College, Nashik, Maharashtra
56-62
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22950430

Occupational stress and job satisfaction are important areas of study in the field of work and organizational psychology. College teachers have many responsibilities, including teaching, examination work, research, administrative duties, student guidance, meetings, and professional development. These responsibilities can create pressure and may influence teachers' satisfaction with their jobs. The present paper reviews previous research on the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction among college and university teachers. Both Indian and international studies are included to provide a broader understanding of the topic. The review shows that workload, organizational climate, job security, administrative responsibilities, work-family conflict, burnout, institutional support, and career pressure are important correlates of occupational stress and job satisfaction. Several Indian studies have reported a negative relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction among college and university teachers. International research has similarly identified work stress, burnout, employment conditions, and organizational factors as important influences on teachers' professional well-being. However, the strength of the relationship differs across studies and settings. The review suggests that supportive organizational environments, reasonable workloads, job security, professional autonomy, and opportunities for development may contribute to better job satisfaction and lower occupational stress. The paper also identifies research gaps and suggests the need for further systematic and empirical research among college teachers.

10. The Impact of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) on Communication Strate...
2

Hamide Aksoy*
Southeast Missouri State University -TESOL MA Graduate
63-71
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22970976

This study examines the role of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) in academic communication, with particular attention to communication practices, academic success, and cultural awareness in multilingual and multicultural higher education contexts. As English increasingly serves as a common language among students, researchers, and faculty from diverse linguistic backgrounds, understanding its opportunities and challenges has become increasingly important. Data were collected through a 15-item online questionnaire completed by 36 participants from six countries, including undergraduate and graduate students and faculty members. The findings indicate that ELF is widely used for academic activities such as coursework, academic writing, presentations, meetings, and communication with international colleagues. Most participants reported confidence in using ELF and perceived it as beneficial to the quality of their academic work, international publication opportunities, and cross-cultural academic collaboration. However, participants also identified challenges related to linguistic accuracy, academic writing, communication anxiety, and comprehension. Notably, 91.7% of respondents perceived English proficiency as a factor in academic evaluation, while 97.2% supported greater institutional language support for non-native English-speaking scholars. Overall, the findings suggest that ELF functions not only as a means of facilitating academic communication and international collaboration but also as an important factor in shaping intercultural awareness and experiences of linguistic equity. The study highlights the need for inclusive academic practices and institutional support that recognize the diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds of ELF users.

11. Media Technology and Adult Learning
2

Evelyn Olusanya, PhD*
Department of Age Grade and Family Education, Faculty of Religious Education, Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso
72-75
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23007212

This work examines the relationship between media technology and adult learning, arguing that the growing population of adult learners in higher education requires instructors to rethink traditional, instructor-centered teaching methods. It defines adult learning as a voluntary, self-directed process and describes adult learners as diverse, experienced, goal-oriented individuals with unique socio-economic and developmental characteristics. The chapter conceptualizes media technology as digital and internet-enabled communication tools, such as social networking sites, mobile devices, blogs, wikis, and video streaming, and examines three platforms for integrating it into adult education: onsite, blended, and online. It further discusses synchronous and asynchronous online delivery and the use of print and multimedia materials. The benefits identified include improved learning outcomes, greater flexibility and access regardless of time or location, enhanced collaboration and interaction, and stronger support for self-directed and andragogical learning. The work concludes that effective integration of media technology extends learning beyond formal programmes and creates more flexible, collaborative, and learner-centered opportunities for adult learners.





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