Effects of Fermentation Time on the Proximate Composition and Sensory Attributes in the Production of Baobab Pulp Yoghurt
Sr No:
Page No:
12-17
Language:
English
Authors:
Sadisu Farouk Umar* , Ahmed Faruk Umar , Lawan Danjuma , Yahaya Ubah Ya’u, Abdulmunafi Salisu Umar, Abdullahi Muhammad Bello, Abubakar Salisu, Farida Isah El-Hassan , Ibrahim Adamu Karfi
Received:
2025-10-10
Accepted:
2025-12-03
Published Date:
2025-12-13
Abstract:
The effects of fermentation time on proximate composition and sensory properties of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit
pulp-fortified yoghurt were studied in the present research. Baobab fruits underwent processing to extract the pulp and were
incorporated at 10% (w/v) into milk before fermentation at different times (0-15 hours). Moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre, and
carbohydrate contents were determined using standard analytical techniques. Sensory evaluation was done using a 9-point hedonic
scale. The results showed that fermentation time significantly, at (p < 0.05), influenced proximate parameters: moisture within the
range of 76.53-78.96%, protein within the range of 6.78-8.16%, ash within the range of 0.50-0.64%, fat within the range of 3.71-
4.40%, fibre within the range of 0.31-0.67%, and carbohydrates within the range of 8.38-10.72%. Protein content steadily increased
with the time taken for fermentation, while values of moisture and carbohydrate oscillated. Sensory properties, namely, colour, taste,
flavour, odour, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability, however, were not significantly different, at p > 0.05, across all fermentation
periods. This study indicated that the incorporation of baobab pulp into yoghurt will not affect its sensory quality negatively and will
improve its nutritional value. The nutritional characteristics of yoghurt containing baobab are those of a functional and nutrient-rich
dairy product that is suitable for wider consumer acceptance.
Keywords:
Baobab, Fermentation, Yoghurt, Pulp.