The increasing adoption of digital technologies has transformed public administration by enhancing efficiency, transparency, and accountability. In Nigeria, the Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) was introduced to improve payroll administration, eliminate ghost workers, and strengthen public financial management. Despite these achievements, the growing dependence on digital platforms has exposed government information systems to cybersecurity threats capable of undermining accountability and public trust. This study examined the cybersecurity challenges confronting the IPPIS and their implications for public sector accountability. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of cybersecurity threats, cybersecurity control measures, and cybersecurity policy compliance on public sector accountability. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted, and primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to employees of selected Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) operating under the IPPIS framework. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 27. The findings revealed that cybersecurity control measures significantly enhance public sector accountability (β = 0.470, p < .05), while cybersecurity policy compliance exerts the strongest positive influence (β = 0.586, p < .05). Conversely, cybersecurity threats had a negative but statistically insignificant effect (β = –0.068, p > .05). The study concludes that effective cybersecurity governance is indispensable for sustaining transparency, accountability, and integrity in Nigeria's digital public administration. It recommends continuous investment in cybersecurity infrastructure, strict enforcement of cybersecurity policies, regular staff capacity building, and strengthened institutional governance to improve the resilience of government information systems.