The purpose of this study is to explore and evaluate the critical factors influencing the achievement of SDG 5 (Gender Equality) with a particular focus on understanding how gender inequality and discrimination persist in various socio-economic and political contexts. The study aims to identify practical strategies to promote gender equality, enhance women's empowerment, and reduce barriers to women’s full participation in economic, social, and political spheres. Despite significant global progress towards gender equality, women and girls continue to face systemic discrimination, gender-based violence (GBV), limited access to economic resources, and underrepresentation in leadership roles. These barriers hinder the realization of SDG 5. In many regions, gender inequalities are deeply ingrained in cultural, legal, and societal structures, preventing women from fully accessing their rights and achieving social, political, and economic equality. This study contributes to the body of literature on gender equality by providing a comprehensive analysis of the challenges women face in achieving full empowerment, particularly in relation to SDG 5. It presents a systematic examination of the effectiveness of existing policies and interventions, offering practical recommendations for governments, organizations, and policymakers to promote gender equality. The study also highlights key gaps in current research and proposes avenues for further exploration, particularly in addressing intersectionality and the impact of cultural norms on gender equality. The study adopts a systematic approach involving both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A comprehensive review of existing literature on gender equality, women's rights, and relevant international frameworks was conducted. Additionally, case studies from various countries were analyzed to evaluate the success and limitations of gender equality interventions. Data was collected from global reports, policy documents, and interviews with experts in gender studies, social sciences, and human rights. The findings were then analyzed to identify patterns, gaps, and successful strategies in promoting gender equality. This study concludes that achieving SDG 5 requires multifaceted approaches that address not only legal and economic barriers but also deeply entrenched cultural and societal norms. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive legal reforms, inclusive policies, and the active engagement of men and boys in the promotion of gender equality. The study highlights the critical role of education, economic empowerment, and political participation in overcoming gender inequality and ensuring that women and girls can fully realize their rights and potential. Further research is needed to better understand the intersectionality of gender with other social identities and to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing genderbased violence and discrimination.