The growth and production of Capsicum annuum are examined in this review in relation to the impacts of vermicompost and conventional fertilizers. Vermicompost enhances soil structure, soil nutrient availability and soil microbial health, resulting in improved plant growth and productivity. In contrast, conventional fertilizers, while providing immediate nutrients, can degrade soil quality and pose environmental risks. Findings indicate that vermicompost promotes better growth parameters, higher fruit yield, and improved nutritional quality. The review underscores the potential of vermicomposting as a sustainable alternative to conventional methods, encouraging further research and adoption in agricultural practices.